沉积岩数据库及有关计算机程序在泰国北部南邦班塔西地区地质研究中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

庞亚&#;查鲁西里  威拉&#;加隆 《沉积与特提斯地质》1995,(2):90-99

南邦泪莫班塔西地区（３７０ｋｍ２）是用矿产资源开发计划署提供的各种计算机程序进行首次地质综合研究的地区。通过ＳＥＤＢＡ程序，１５０个以上数据组已被输入数据库。本文的地质图主要是由ＳＵＴＯＣＡＤ程序完成的，磁性和放射性测量图主要是用ＧＥＯＳＯＦＴ绘图系统软件包来处理和修饰的，而陆地卫星图象和投影图象是由ＭＥＲＩＤＩＡＮ程序制备和修饰的。各种现有的信息，包括通过当前现有程序所获得的地质和遥感信息的数据汇编、提纯和解译，提高了地质制图及研究的质量。研究区主要由沉积于南部构造盆地中的沉积物两个群组成：时代最早的群为二叠纪动丕群（厚４００ｍ），产于东部，主要由开阔海陆架被动大陆边缘灰岩组成；二叠一三叠纪泪莫群（厚达２００ｍ）主要分布于东部，多数由东倾的与俯冲消减有关的火山岩和火山碎屑岩组成。时代最晚且分布最广的地层单元——三叠纪南邦群（３７００ｍ厚）为弧后沉降盆地的红一灰层、台地灰岩和厚层浊积岩。构造上，该区由一个在西北部和东部有小背斜的大向斜构成。航空地球物理数据和浅航天图象资料表明，该区曾属于与婚他和程逸主断层相平行的北东向断裂带。该区位于深浅不一的断裂基底之上。  相似文献   

Trace metal composition of and accumulation rates of sediments in the Upper Gulf of Thailand     

Herbert L. Windom  Suchada Silpipat  Aurapin Chanpongsang  Ralph G. Smith  Manuwadi Hungspreugs 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1984,19(2):133-142

Sediment cores and grab samples were collected in the Upper Gulf of Thailand to determine sedimentation rates and to determine if metal concentrations reflect anthropogenic inputs.Accumulation rates of sediments in the Upper Gulf measured using the ²¹⁰Pb method, appear to vary from ca. 4 to 11 mm yr^?1. Sediment budgets suggest that little of the sediment delivered to the Upper Gulf by the major rivers is ultimately transported to the Lower Gulf. Metal concentrations in Upper Gulf sediments appear to be dominantly controlled by natural inputs.  相似文献   

Computational fluid dynamics modeling of abutment scour under steady current using the level set method     

《国际泥沙研究》2020,35(4):355-364

The scour and deposition pattern around an abutment under constant discharge condition is calculated using a three dimensional (3D) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. The Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equations are solved in three dimensions using a CFD model. The Level Set Method (LSM) is used for calculation of both free surface and bed topography. The two-equation turbulence model (k-ε and k-ω) is used to calculate the eddy viscosity in the RANS equations. The pressure term in the RANS equations on a staggered grid is modeled using the Chorin's projection method. The 5th order Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory (WENO) scheme discretizes the convective term of the RANS equations. The Kovacs and Parker and Dey formulations are used for the reduction in bed shear stress on the sloping bed. The model also used the sandslide algorithm which limits bed shear stress reduction during the erosion process. The numerical model solution is validated against experimental results collected at the Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy. Further, the numerical model is tested for performance by varying the grid sizes and key parameters like the space and time discretization schemes. The effect of varying bed porosity has been evaluated. Overall, the free surface is well represented in a realistic manner and bed topography is well predicted using the Level Set Method (LSM).  相似文献   

Sediment supply systems of the Champion “Delta” of NW Borneo: Implications for deepwater reservoir sandstones     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2013

Middle Miocene to Pliocene sedimentation on the NW Borneo margin has been interpreted as the product of one relatively large deltaic system, the Champion Delta. However, several lines of evidence indicate that the Champion system was not a simple, large delta; its drainage basin was too small, fluvial outcrops indicate multiple, relatively small rivers and outcrop studies indicate the same facies associations as the diverse, modern depositional systems. The number and location of rivers reaching the shoreline changed as rapidly subsiding footwall synclines, episodically active inversion anticlines and growth faults created an evolving structurally-generated topography that not only controlled drainage pathways, but also segregated Champion strata into thick, wave-dominant and tide-dominant successions. Although the principal rivers within the Champion system, the Limbang, Padas and Trusan Rivers, transport significant loads of coarse sediment, the intermittent proximal ponding of sand in local basins, as is currently occurring in Brunei Bay, resulted in a variable delivery of sand to the shelf edge. The number and distribution of shelf edge canyons also changed with time. Consequently, the spatial and temporal distribution of deepwater sand accumulations sourced from the Champion system are not solely related to relative sea level fluctuations; such accumulations should be smaller and more scattered than those sourced from a large shelf edge delta. Because the catchments of the Champion system’s principal rivers represent different provenances, the system’s deepwater sands may carry the signal of specific rivers. For example, mineralogical contrasts between in the main reservoir sands of the deepwater Gumusut and Kikeh fields suggest that the relative contributions of the principal rivers shifted with time with the Trusan and Limbang Rivers dominating sand supply for the youngest reservoirs at Gumusut.  相似文献   

Development of the Khao Khwang Fold and Thrust Belt: Implications for the geodynamic setting of Thailand and Cambodia during the Indosinian Orogeny     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2013

The Indosinian Orogeny in Thailand is often viewed as having developed between strongly linear terranes, which today trend approximately N–S. The terranes were subsequently disrupted by later tectonics, particularly NW–SE trending Cenozoic strike-slip faults. The ENE–WSW to NE–SW striking thrusts and folds in the Khao Khwang Platform area of the Saraburi Group on the SW margin of the Indochina Terrane are not easily explained in the context of this traditional view. Reversal of the clockwise rotation shown to have affected the block north of the Mae Ping Fault zone only enhances the E–W orientation of structures in the fold and thrust belt, and moves the belt further east towards Cambodia. One solution for the trend that fits better with regional understanding from hydrocarbon exploration of the Khorat Plateau is that the Indochina Terrane was actually a series of continental blocks, separated by Permian rifting. During the Early Triassic the early stages of collision (South China-Cathaysian Terrane collision with Vietnam Indochina) resulted in the amalgamation of disparate blocks that now form the Indochina Terrane by closure along the rifts. At the same time or following on from the collision there was closure of the back-arc area between Indochina and the Sukhothai zone. The rift basins, were thrusted and inverted during the early stages of the Indosinian orogeny, and only underwent minor reactivated when later Sibumasu collided with Sukhothai Zone-Indochina Terrane margin during the Late Triassic. The scenario described above requires the presence of a (minor) E–W trending suture in NW Cambodia. Evidence for this suture is suggested by the presence of Permo-Triassic calc-alkaline volcanism.  相似文献   

Structural and fluid evolution of Saraburi Group sedimentary carbonates,central Thailand: A tectonically driven fluid system     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2014

A stable isotopic study, focused on calcite cements, vein-fill calcite and various bioclasts was conducted on variably deformed and thrusted Lower and Middle Permian carbonates of the Saraburi Group. Samples were collected in quarry faces across 3 areas in the Saraburi–Lopburi region of central Thailand. Stable isotope crossplots (carbon and oxygen), using texture-aware isotope samples, defined variable, but related, fluid-cement histories, which are tied to regional burial and then orogenic overprints driven by the Indosinian (Triassic) orogeny. This was followed by telogenetic overprints, driven by late Cenozoic uplift. The studied carbonates were deposited along the western margin of the Indochina Block, where they were deposited as isolated calcareous algal, sponge and fusilinid-rimmed platforms on highs bound by extensional faults. The platform areas passed laterally and vertically into more siliciclastic dominated sequences, deposited in somewhat deeper waters within probable fault-bound lows. Regional post-depositional mesogenetic fluid-rock re-equilibration of the isotope values in ongoing calcite precipitates occurred until the matrix permeability was occluded via compaction and pressure solution. This regional burial regime was followed by collision of the Indochina and Sibumasu blocks during the Indosinian (Triassic) blocks, which drove a set of structurally focused (thrust-plane related) increasingly warmer set of fluids through the studied sequences. The final diagenetic overprint seen in the isotopic values of the latest calcite cements occurs in a telogenetic (uplift) setting driven by Cenozoic tectonics and isostatic uplift. Integration of isotope data with its structural setting establishes a clear separation in fluid events related to two time-separate tectonic episodes; its fluid chemistry defines the Permo-Triassic closure of the Paleotethys and its subsequent reactivation during the Tertiary collision of India and Asia. The C–O covariant plot fields in the Permian carbonates of central Thailand are so distinct that it is possible to use their signatures to separate burial from meteoric cements in drill cuttings and hence recognise equivalent subsurface unconformities and likely zone of porosity development in possible “buried hill plays in Thailand.  相似文献   

Mineral inclusions in sapphire from the basalt-related deposit in Bo Phloi,Kanchanaburi, western Thailand: indication of their genesis     

《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2014,55(9):1087-1102

The Bo Phloi gem field in Kanchanaburi Province, Western Thailand, is closely associated with Cenozoic basalts. Blue and yellow sapphire, black spinel, and minor zircon have been mined for over three decades. The mineral inclusions observed in sapphire samples are alkali feldspar, nepheline, hercynitic spinel, zircon, manganiferous ilmenite, silica-rich enstatite, almandine–pyrope garnet, monazite, calcite, sapphirine, biotite–phlogopite mica, and staurolite. Based on their geochemical affinity, these mineral inclusions can be categorized into two main groups: felsic alkaline and contact-metamorphic, which appear to have originated from different processes. These inclusions provide new evidence for proposing a bimodal genetic model. Felsic alkaline origin is evidenced by the occurrence of a felsic alkaline inclusion suite and the REE geochemistry of sapphire-associated zircon, which indicates that most of the sapphires crystallized from a high-alkali felsic melt (probably, in the lower crust). Contact-metamorphic origin is evidenced by the presence of a contact-metamorphic inclusion suite, suggesting that some of these sapphires might also have originated from metasomatized crustal rocks and a contaminated melt along the contact zone of a basaltic intrusion (probably, in the upper mantle or lower crust).  相似文献   

First evidence of the Cambrian basement in Upper Peninsula of Thailand and its implication for crustal and tectonic evolution of the Sibumasu terrane     

《Gondwana Research》2014,25(3-4):1031-1037

Although the Sibumasu terrane in Asia was previously considered to be composed of Phanerozoic rocks with Cambrian crystalline basement, no reliable or direct radiometric dating evidences of such crystalline basement was ever reported. Our new in-situ zircon U/Pb dating of the Khao Tao orthogneiss yields a concordant age of 501.5 ± 7.5 Ma (2σ), which provides the first robust evidence for the Cambrian crust in Upper Peninsula of Thailand. The zircon εHf_(T) values range from + 3.7 to − 6.1 with model ages (T^C_DM) of 1244–1827 Ma, suggests a mixed crust-mantle source. The chemical similarity and spatial continuity of the Khao Tao orthogneiss with other pre-Neotethys marginal Eurasian and Sibumasu granitoids indicate the linear paleogeographic association under a similar magmatic arc-related regime along the Gondwana India–Australia margin as part of the Pan-African Orogeny system.  相似文献   

Characteristics of Triassic epithermal Au mineralization at the Q prospect,Chatree mining area,Central Thailand     

Ladda Tangwattananukul  Daizo Ishiyama  Osamu Matsubaya  Toshio Mizuta  Punya Charusiri  Hinako Sato  Koichiro Sera 《Resource Geology》2014,64(2):167-181

The Chatree deposit is located in the Loei‐Phetchabun‐Nakhon Nayok volcanic belt that extends from Laos in the north through central and eastern Thailand into Cambodia. Gold‐bearing quartz veins at the Q prospect of the Chatree deposit are hosted within polymictic andesitic breccia and volcanic sedimentary breccia. The orebodies of the Chatree deposit consist of veins, veinlets and stockwork. Gold‐bearing quartz veins are composed mainly of quartz, calcite and illite with small amounts of adularia, chlorite and sulfide minerals. The gold‐bearing quartz veins were divided into five stages based on the cross‐cutting relationship and mineral assemblage. Intense gold mineralization occurred in Stages I and IV. The mineral assemblage of Stages I and IV is characterized by quartz–calcite–illite–laumontite–adularia–chlorite–sulfide minerals and electrum. Quartz textures of Stages I and IV are also characterized by microcrystalline and flamboyant textures, respectively. Coexistence of laumontite, illite and chlorite in the gold‐bearing quartz vein of Stage IV suggests that the gold‐bearing quartz veins were formed at approximately 200°C. The flamboyant and brecciated textures of the gold‐bearing quartz vein of Stage IV suggest that gold precipitated with silica minerals from a hydrothermal solution that was supersaturated by boiling. The δ¹⁸O values of quartz in Stages I to V range from +10.4 to +11.6‰ except for the δ¹⁸O value of quartz in Stage IV (+15.0‰). The increase in δ¹⁸O values of quartz at Stage IV is explained by boiling. P_H2O is estimated to be 16 bars at 200°C. The f_CO2 value is estimated to be 1 bar based on the presence of calcite in the mineral assemblage of Stage IV. The total pressure of the hydrothermal solution is approximately 20 bars at 200°C, suggesting that the gold‐bearing quartz veins of the Q prospect formed about 200 m below the paleosurface.  相似文献   

Extensional deformation structures within a convergent orogen: The Val di Lima low-angle normal fault system (Northern Apennines,Italy)     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2014

A low-angle extensional fault system affecting the non metamorphic rocks of the carbonate dominated Tuscan succession is exposed in the Lima valley (Northern Apennines, Italy). This fault system affects the right-side-up limb of a kilometric-scale recumbent isoclinal anticline and is, in turn, affected by superimposed folding and late-tectonic high-angle extensional faulting.The architecture of the low-angle fault system has been investigated through detailed structural mapping and damage zone characterization. Pressure-depth conditions and paleofluid evolution of the fault system have been studied through microstructural, mineralogical, petrographic, fluid inclusion and stable isotope analyses. Our results show that the low-angle fault system was active during exhumation of the Tuscan succession at about 180°C and 5 km depth, with the involvement of low-salinity fluids. Within this temperature - depth framework, the fault zone architecture shows important differences related to the different lithologies involved in the fault system and to the role played by the fluids during deformation. In places, footwall overpressuring influenced active deformation mechanisms and favored shear strain localization.Our observations indicate that extensional structures affected the central sector of the Northern Apennines thrust wedge during the orogenic contractional history, modifying the fluid circulation through the upper crust and influencing its mechanical behavior.  相似文献